An act of will is contrasted with an action done from inclination. This person "wishes for death, and yet preserves his life, without loving it, not from inclination, or fear, but from duty. Accessed December 22, 2020. https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Groundwork-of-the-Metaphysics-of-Morals/. GradeSaver, About Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals Summary, Read the Study Guide for Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals…, Blood and Freedom: How Agency Explains and Permits Proscriptions of Violence, View Wikipedia Entries for Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals…. Study Guide; Jump to: Summary; Terms; Further Study; Writing Help; Buy on BN.com; Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals was written by Immanuel Kant and published in 1785. In neither case does the shopkeeper act from duty—his motive in each case is not respect for duty. Now imagine if such a person felt no pleasure in doing the right thing, but still continued doing it because he feels that he has to, that it’s the right thing. The shopkeeper can be motivated by self-interest, as when he does not overcharge his customers because he wants to preserve his reputation. Ending in. Kant begins the first section of Groundwork by locating morality not in the act but in the will to perform the act. Academic year. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Flat 20% Discount Use Code BLACK20 at Checkout English; Home; Ask Question; Questions; Subjects; Services. Kant proceeds to a second proposition: an action from duty has more worth, not in what it is supposed to achieve, but with the maxim according to which it’s been arrived at. Happiness, then, is not unconditionally good, either. The Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals In the Critique of Pure Reason Kant demonstrates the limitations of speculative metaphysics. This aspect of his philosophy keeps Kant's work relevant into the 21st century, even as biological scientists continue to discover more about the ways our genes, hormones, and brains determine our behavior. Seen from this perspective, what we might take to be the coldness of Kant’s rationalism is not so cold at all, but actually a stance no less bold than the thinkers of the French Enlightenment, or the founders of American democracy. A summary of Part X (Section3) in Immanuel Kant's Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals. Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals study guide contains a biography of Immanuel Kant, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. The movement is regressive: from … Someone whose acts are in accordance with duty, or whose inclinations (self-interests) are in line with duty, is not as morally praiseworthy as the one who has acted solely from duty. He offers an example of what universalizing a maxim involves. Kant's discussion of the "Aesthetic Preconditions of the Mind's Receptivity to Concepts of Duty in General" in Section XII of the Introduction to the Doctrine of Virtue is brief but raises many questions. The action is motivated by a respect for a principle that could apply equally to all people at all times. Human beings are organized for life—to live, and to continue living. In fact, the opposite is true—the more we use reason to try and be happy, the less we get of “true satisfaction.” This brings about a hatred of reason, of philosophy, which we find has only made its user unhappy. University. That kind of thing. Course Hero, "Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals Study Guide," January 8, 2018, accessed December 22, 2020, https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Groundwork-of-the-Metaphysics-of-Morals/. 2 The first section was given over to identifying and articulating our concept of duty, which demands and finds expression in a person's having a good will (i.e. If it pleased the same person to be bad, they would be bad. Acting in such a way that accords with the law is not enough. Actions are right, therefore, not for their results but for the motive that initiated the action. 1-31) The first part (1.1) of this chapter examines the central task and methodology of the Groundwork and the nature of the ‘transitions’ between the different sections of Kant’s text. Upload them to earn free Course Hero access! To preserve your life is a moral duty; but people preserve their lives with a sense of anxiety that has no real moral content. This argument is echoed by the twentieth-century French philosopher Gilles Deleuze, who observed that Kant here inverted the traditional understanding of the law. Suppose further that this action conforms to duty, that is, the action is in accordance with duty. We can answer this two ways. You can’t command someone to feel love, but you can command them to act based on a sense of duty. Kant focuses on one way a personal rule or policy is morally acceptable. But most people’s understanding of happiness is narrow, and in any case, it’s impossible to satisfy all of your inclinations at once. Web. Read a brief overview of the work, or chapter by chapter summaries. Because human beings are not exclusively rational, morality presents itself as a command. Unlike those thinkers who state that being happy and causing happiness in others makes a person moral, Kant asserts the opposite: being a good person makes one deserving of happiness. StuDocu University. . The more schooled we become in philosophy and reason, the more we become jealous of common people’s ability to be happy. Suppose a person thinks it's acceptable to make a lying promise whenever it seems necessary—the person needs some money, for example, but has no way to pay it back and so lies to a lender by promising to repay the loan. The first is undoubtedly Christian. The will is the "summoning of all means that are within our control." Download a PDF to print or study offline. Kant's Moral Theory (Part 1 of 2) - Duration: 14:02. The source of that higher law isn’t God—it’s reason, the law man gives himself. In Course Hero. Thus, common reason is impelled to philosophy on practical grounds, to avoid confusion and falling into ambiguity. grounding For The Metaphysics Of Morals: immanuel kant. 8 Jan. 2018. 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